加拿大留學(xué)語(yǔ)言考試雅思口語(yǔ)如何杜絕“口吃結(jié)巴”

加拿大留學(xué)眾所周知，雅思口語(yǔ)考試有四項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：fluency&coherence（流利度和連貫性）、pronunciation（發(fā)音）、lexical resource（詞匯資源）、grammatical range&accuracy（語(yǔ)法多樣性和精確性），Eric一直強(qiáng)調(diào)fluency&coherence是最最重要的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，原因很簡(jiǎn)單：如果你不能一直持續(xù)的說(shuō)下去，你根本沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)表現(xiàn)其它三條評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

當(dāng)然，fluency&coherence遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止”一直持續(xù)的說(shuō)下去“這么簡(jiǎn)單，它還涉及到很多其他方面的因素，從本期開(kāi)始，Eric選用（不限于）考官的文章，來(lái)和大家探討fluency&coherence的本質(zhì)、以及如何提升fluency&coherence。

本篇文章選自英國(guó)考官Dan Berns的著作IELTS Killer；本期文章，我們繼續(xù)分享Dan Berns關(guān)于提升流利度和連貫性的第三點(diǎn)建議——問(wèn)自己以下問(wèn)題：

Did I speak clearly and smoothly?

我的表述是否清晰流暢?

One thing that examiners do constantly is count.They are mostly counting the time,but another important thing to realise is that they are counting your words too.This is what examiners call Length of Turns(LOT).Students who have long LOT will score high,but students with short LOT will score low.Take a look at the examples below:加拿大雅思

雅思聽(tīng)力考官經(jīng)常做的一件事就是計(jì)數(shù)。大多數(shù)時(shí)候他們會(huì)對(duì)考生的表述進(jìn)行計(jì)時(shí),同時(shí)他們還會(huì)留心考生每個(gè)斷句的詞數(shù),這又叫作“Length of Turns(LOT)"?？忌腖OT越長(zhǎng),越有可能得高分。相反,考生的LOT越短,得分越低。我們來(lái)看看下面這個(gè)例子：

Low：A city that..I really like...is Suzhou in..the South of China..it has lots...of canals.

Medium：A city that I really like.is Suzhou in the South of China...It has lots canals.

High：A city that I really like is Suzhou in the South of China.It has lots of canals.

You can see that all three examples are exactly the same in terms of their content,but when it comes to their LOT,they are wildly different.The low score example has LOT 3/4.This means that the candidate is speaking in chunks of 3/4 words each time.The longest turn is"the South of China".This LOT is too low to score even an IELTS 5.

大家可以看到這三個(gè)例子的內(nèi)容是一模一樣的,但是LOT卻完全不同。其中低分答案的LOT是3/4,這表明考生每次斷句時(shí)說(shuō)出的詞數(shù)為3個(gè)或4個(gè),其中最長(zhǎng)的詞群是“the South of China”。這個(gè)答案的LOT太低,想拿到雅思口語(yǔ)5分都很難。

The medium score example is a little stronger,and it has LOT 5/6,which means that the candidate is speaking in chunks of 5/6 words each time,where the longest turn is".is Suzhou in the South of China".This length of turn would probably carry you to an IELTS 6 at most.

中等分?jǐn)?shù)的答案略強(qiáng)一點(diǎn)兒,它的LOT為5/6,也就是說(shuō)該考生每次斷句時(shí)說(shuō)出的詞數(shù)為5個(gè)或6個(gè)。其中最長(zhǎng)的詞群為"is Suzhou in the South of China"。這個(gè)LOT值可能讓考生的雅思口語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)最高達(dá)到6分。

To really breakthrough to the high scores though,you need to be able to push your LOT much higher like in the last example where the length of turn is LOT.18.In order to be able to achieve this,you just have to take a breath and spit out the words without pausing between chunks.

要在雅思口語(yǔ)中拿高分,我們要讓自己的LOT盡可能高,就像最后個(gè)例子一樣,LOT達(dá)到了18要達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo),你需要深吸一口氣,然后沒(méi)有停頓地說(shuō)完一個(gè)句群。

Another thing that examiners are listening for is whether you will be able to sustain the length of your turn or whether your turns are going to dry up.Lots of students are really strong in Part 1,but then completely dry up in Part 2.Students always say to me:"I can't talk for two minutes!"To be brutally honest,if you cannot talk for two minutes,don’t bother showing up for the speaking exam.

考生能否將很高的LOT值一直保持下去,這也是考官非常看重的方面。很多考生在Part1表現(xiàn)得非常好,在Part2就一落千丈了?？偸怯袑W(xué)生對(duì)我說(shuō):“我說(shuō)不了2分鐘！”對(duì)于這樣的學(xué)生,我會(huì)很直白地說(shuō)如果你無(wú)法連續(xù)地說(shuō)2分鐘,就不用去嘗試雅思口語(yǔ)了。

Lots of students start strong in Part 2,but then for whatever reason,maybe they get nervous,or maybe they just run out of things to say,they stop after one minute.Every examiner hates it when this happens.If you only talk for one minute,it doesn't matter if what you say is pure gold,your score is going to fall off a cliff-your IELTS scored just killed itself.Just by talking for two minutes,even if what you are saying isn't great,just by getting to the end you are supporting your score.

很多學(xué)生在剛開(kāi)始Part2時(shí)狀態(tài)不錯(cuò),但接下來(lái)不知什么原因突然變得緊張,又或者實(shí)在想不到可說(shuō)的內(nèi)容了,導(dǎo)致余下一分鐘的空白期。這是每個(gè)考官都極其厭惡的現(xiàn)象。如果考生只說(shuō)了一分鐘,那么無(wú)論這一分鐘里他/她說(shuō)得如何天花亂墜,得分也只會(huì)因?yàn)楹髞?lái)的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停頓而一落千丈。如果你能持續(xù)平穩(wěn)地說(shuō)滿(mǎn)兩分鐘,即使內(nèi)容語(yǔ)言不太出色,只要你說(shuō)到了最后,得分就不會(huì)太低。

One of the most common ways that candidates end their speaking turns is with the phrase"That's it!"or"That's all!"If this phrase is at the end of a particularly short turn,it is like burying your IELTS score,and then sticking a tomb stone in the ground.Your IELTS score is going to be worm food if you answer like this.It doesn't matter if you think the question if stupid,or if you don't have an opinion,each and every answer you give should be fully extended and never stop talking until the examiner moves on.

許多考生喜歡在說(shuō)完后用“That's it!”或者“That's all”來(lái)做結(jié)語(yǔ)。如果你本身就沒(méi)說(shuō)幾句話(huà),還用“That's it!”或者“That's all”來(lái)結(jié)尾,你就等同于葬送了你的雅思口語(yǔ),而且還沒(méi)忘立上雅思口語(yǔ)之墓的墓碑?？脊俾?tīng)到你的答案也會(huì)覺(jué)得如鯁在喉。不論你是覺(jué)得這個(gè)問(wèn)題愚蠢,亦或你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有什么特別的觀(guān)點(diǎn),都應(yīng)該盡可能地去延伸你的答案,保持一直在說(shuō)的狀態(tài),直到考官喊停。

This is what is called"willingness to talk".If the student is unwillingly to talk,this seriously reduces their chance to get a high score on fluency,and probably all the other scores,too.Take this example of a candidate from Afghanistan,who was actually very bright,but not very talkative：

加拿大留學(xué)語(yǔ)言考試雅思口語(yǔ)如何杜絕“口吃結(jié)巴”

這就叫作雅思口語(yǔ)的“意愿性”。如果考生表現(xiàn)出不情愿,那他/她的FC得高分的可能性就不大了,也許其他維度的得分也不會(huì)太高了。下面我們來(lái)看看一名阿富汗考生的答案,這個(gè)考生事實(shí)上很陽(yáng)光,但他卻對(duì)回答考官提問(wèn)很抵觸：

“Do you come from a town or a city?”

“Why?”

“Do you come from a town or a city?”

“I no answer this question.”

This example is a British policewoman who wanted to go to Australia and had to take the test.（Yes,British people have to take the test sometimes!）

下面這個(gè)例子是一名想移民去澳大利亞的英國(guó)女警在口語(yǔ)考試中的回答。(是的,即使是英國(guó)人有些時(shí)候也必須要考雅思！)

“Who do you think watches TV more,young people or old people?”學(xué)在加拿大

“What kind of stupid question is that?”

You see,it is even possible for a native speaker to score low in the test.This policewoman scored a 6,and I bet the examiner was smiling ear to ear to give her a six.The point is,you have to be willing to just pour all of the language that you have in your head.Even if the grammar and vocabulary isn’t great,you will still be able to score well on fluency.

你們看,即使是英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者同樣可能在雅思口語(yǔ)中得低分。這名英國(guó)女警的得分是6分。我估計(jì)考官在給她6分時(shí)肯定心里暗暗笑爆了。所以關(guān)鍵在于你要有把自己腦袋里所有的話(huà)都一股腦講給考官聽(tīng)的意識(shí)。即使你的語(yǔ)法和用詞不一定精確，但你的FC得分會(huì)很高。

Getting back to ending our turns,the first thing to remember is that you must never have silence in the examination.If you are quiet and the examiner is staring at you,or motioning you to continue,then you will certainly score a low score.Just keep talking non-stop.One of the areas that candidates have difficulty with here is how to end their turns Basically,if you end a turn with the phrase"that's it!"it's like dropping off the edge of a cliff.Never end with silence.

回到結(jié)束答題話(huà)語(yǔ)這個(gè)話(huà)題上來(lái),你們首先要記住的是考試過(guò)程中不能冷場(chǎng)。如果你停下來(lái)了,一片寂靜,考官跟你大眼瞪小眼,或者示意你繼續(xù),那你就很難得高分了,所以要保持不停地說(shuō)的狀態(tài)。許多考生不知道該如何結(jié)束自己的答題話(huà)語(yǔ),要注意的是千萬(wàn)不要以"that's it!”作結(jié),它會(huì)讓你的得分直線(xiàn)下滑。同樣,也不要以一片寂靜作結(jié)。

A good strategy for this is to have a summary at the end of whatever you say.You can do this by giving an opinion at the end of your turn.Lets take a look at a part one answer：

最好的結(jié)語(yǔ)就是在答完后進(jìn)行個(gè)總結(jié)。在答完之后,你可以將你的回答升華一下,發(fā)表一個(gè)總結(jié)性意見(jiàn)。下面我們來(lái)看一個(gè)Part1的答案:

What do you usually do at the weekend?

Generally speaking,at the weekend I don't have a lot of free time.This is because work Monday to Friday,so I have to do all my chores and errands at the weekend.That means that I am always cleaning my apartment,doing my paperwork for the week,and also running to the bank to make sure all the bills are paid.If I am lucky,maybe I have time to play with my son for a few hours.

This is already a strong answer to the question,especially in terms of grammar,but right now it is a little bit boring.What it needs is an opinion,and the best place for your opinion is at the end in the form a summary.Check out how the summary makes the answer much stronger:

這個(gè)答案已經(jīng)非常給力了,尤其在語(yǔ)法方面,但給人ー種戛然而止的感覺(jué)。這個(gè)答案需要一個(gè)總結(jié)性評(píng)論,而這個(gè)評(píng)論最合適的位置就是在答案的末尾。下面看看在末尾加上ー個(gè)評(píng)論是如何使整個(gè)答案瞬間提升一個(gè)檔次的：

Generally speaking,at the weekend I don't have a lot of free time.This is because l work Monday to Friday,so I have to do all my chores and errands at the weekend,that means that I am always cleaning my apartment,doing my paperwork for the week,and also running to the bank to make sure all the bills are paid.If l am lucky,maybe I have time to play with my son for a few hours.I guess that a lot of families live like this.It doesn't mean that they like living like this,but society is competitive these days you just have to work all the time to survive.

By adding this simple summary containing an opinion at the end of the turn,the examiner will probably push the answer from a high six to a high seven.That is because in the IELTS exam,the ability to give information is not as important as having an opinion.If you do not have any feelings or opinions about the questions,then you will never score high in the test.Opinions are EVERYTHING.

在結(jié)尾處加上一個(gè)包含觀(guān)點(diǎn)的簡(jiǎn)潔的評(píng)論,很可能會(huì)讓考官把你的分?jǐn)?shù)從6分升到7分。因?yàn)樵谘潘伎谡Z(yǔ)考試中,發(fā)表評(píng)論的能力比給出信息的能力更加重要。如果你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題發(fā)表不出任何看法或沒(méi)有任何情緒,那么是不可能得高分的。個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)就是一切。

Just as you should never finish your turn with the killer words"That's it",there are also some other phrases which show a complete lack of imagination.Let's take a look at some of the most common ones:

正如“That's it!”這個(gè)高分終結(jié)者一樣,還有一些其他短語(yǔ)也會(huì)顯得你缺乏想象力。我們一起來(lái)看看這些常見(jiàn)的“失分短語(yǔ)”吧:

Do you often visit museums?

No,museums are boring

Would you like to work in a museum?

No,working in a museum is a boring job.

Would you like to be a teacher?

No,be a teacher is a boring job

There is only one boring thing about these answers and that is the candidate.Unfortunately,ninety percent of candidates who come through the door answer the questions in this way.Check out these answers that make the examiner just want to shoot you:

如果考生總回答無(wú)聊,那么真正無(wú)聊的可能就是這位考生了。不幸的是,90%的考生都給出過(guò)類(lèi)似的回答。看看下面這些讓考官忍不住要向你咆哮的答案吧：

Do you like writing letters?

No,writing letters is a waste of time.

Would you prefer to receive a telephone call or a letter？

I prefer phone call,because it is more convenient.

These answers could easily come from the boring museum candidate.The point is that giving short unimaginative answers like these is the kiss of death for your FC score.Even if you have to lie or stretch the truth,it is important to unpack the ideas in the questions as much as you can.Take these great answers for example：

這些答案可能從那些張口閉口就是無(wú)聊的考生中脫口而出吧。這種又短又缺乏想象力的答案就是死亡之吻。即使為了讓自己有話(huà)可說(shuō)而不得不瞎編,你也得盡可能地把問(wèn)題展開(kāi)來(lái)回答?？纯聪旅孢@些高分答案吧：

Do you often visit museums?

I don't really like visiting real museums because in China most of the exhibits are behind glass,and looking at pieces of old jade and ancient vases is not exactly my idea of a good time.I am a big fan of online museums though.You can go to The British Museum online and see all their exhibits in detail.You can zoom in,rotate and examine the objects.It's an amazing virtual experience.

Would you like to work in a museum?

I wouldn't want to work in a museum in China,but I would love to work in The Louvre in Paris.that is where visitors can see The Mona Lisa by Da Vinci.The Louvre is huge and they say that even if you went there every day for a year,you still couldn't see everything.If I was a curator there,I could possibly see some of their secret exhibits and treasures that rarely see the light of day.

Would you like to be a teacher?

Being a teacher is a very popular choice of profession in China.Mostly it is because the work is considered relatively stable,the pay is not bad,but most importantly there are very long summer vacations.It is not a particularly challenging job,which is why I think it might be dull for me,besides,my father has a low opinion of teachers.He always says:those who can do,those who can't teach.

This candidate has stretches his score to around an 8 just by forgetting about China and what is traditionally meant by a museum and what working in a museum would involve.This kind of imagination keeps the answer flowing and improves both fluency and coherence.

這名考生通過(guò)不讓“中國(guó)”以及傳統(tǒng)的“博物館”的概念來(lái)束縛自己,盡情發(fā)揮自己的想象力,從而使得分拔高到了8分。想象力會(huì)讓你的答案流暢自然、信息量豐富,從而提高流暢度與連貫性。

Vocabulary and Phrases

Exhibits are behind glass The Mona Lisa by Da Vinci

Old jade and ancient vases Curator

Not my idea of a good time Rarely see the light of day

See the exhibits in detail Popular choice of profession

Zoom in Relatively stable

Rotate Have a low opinion of teachers

Virtual experience Those who can do.those who can't teach.

The Louvre

Something that is severely lacking in the answers from Chinese candidates is imagination and creativity.These are two elements that examiners love and will reward you for.Take this question for example：

中國(guó)考生的答案中最缺乏的兩個(gè)元素就是想象力和創(chuàng)造力。如果恰好你擁有這兩項(xiàng)考官最?lèi)?ài)的能力,那么你會(huì)獲得回報(bào)的。以下面這個(gè)問(wèn)題為例：

Can you think of any times when it's necessary to wait for others?

A time that people have to wait is before the exam.Everyone is nervous and we want to finish the exam quickly.

When it comes to run-of-the-mill answers.that's about as dull as it gets.If you see the examiner stifle a yawn,you know you're boring.It doesn't have to be that way though.With a little imagination you can really add life to your answers.Try this response：

這個(gè)答案簡(jiǎn)直平淡的不能再平淡了。如果考官打哈欠了,你就該反思自己有多無(wú)趣了。實(shí)際上情況不該這么糟糕,稍微運(yùn)用一點(diǎn)兒想象力,就可以給你的答案帶來(lái)無(wú)限生機(jī)了。

試試這個(gè)回答：

A time when people have to wait is when they are getting married.The bridegroom for the bride to arrive.Everyone is waiting has to stand in the church waiting wondering if she has cold feet,but then when she walks up the aisle with her father in her beautiful white wedding dress,everyone breathes a sigh of relief.

This is an extremely imaginative and descriptive answer.It doesn't only answer the question.It goes one step further and creates a situation in the examiner's mind.This is a skill that will earn you very high marks.It also has some cracking vocabulary：

這是一個(gè)特別富有想象力的、栩栩如生的答案。這個(gè)答案不僅限于回答考官的問(wèn)題,還在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了拔高,在考官的頭腦中形成了一幅生動(dòng)的畫(huà)面。這是一個(gè)會(huì)讓你獲得高分的技巧。同時(shí)這個(gè)答案中還出現(xiàn)了一些極好的詞匯：

Bridegroom Bride Church

Get cold feet Aisle Wedding dress

Breathe a sigh of relief

Here's another example of how candidates can kill an examiner with sheer boredom：

下面是另一個(gè)考生如何用自己的無(wú)趣作答將考官打敗的例子：

What kind of good habits do you think children need to learn?

I think that children need to learn good study habits and to do their homework every night.They should also learn to listen to their parents.

This is a very limited and extremely boring answer.What it needs is some solid examples that will build images in the examiner's head.Take this super example:

這是一個(gè)非常局限且極其無(wú)趣的答案?？脊倌X海中形成不了任何動(dòng)人的畫(huà)面,這個(gè)答案需要一些實(shí)例?？纯聪旅孢@個(gè)極好的答案：

Young children are naturally quite dirty,so they need to learn habits about how to stay clean like washing their face and brushing their teeth every day.They should also avoid picking their nose,cover their mouth when they sneeze,and learn to chew with their mouth closed.These are just good manners really.

This answer is not at all vague.It gives solid examples which will surprise the examiner.Chinese candidates often give very vague answers which infuriate examiners.Be specific and imaginative to push your grade higher.

這個(gè)答案一點(diǎn)兒也不空洞,它所給出的實(shí)例會(huì)讓考官印象深刻?？脊俳?jīng)常因?yàn)橹袊?guó)考生的答案無(wú)趣和空洞而被激怒。所以要想提分,就盡可能地給出具體而富有想象力的答案吧。